Half Duplex

The device must wait before sending a Frame if it is currently receiving a frame. It can either Send or Receive at a time. (E.g. Walkie-Talkie)

  • When Half Duplex is enabled it enables CSMA/CD because one can either send/receive at a time in Half Duplex settings. If however both send at the send time then collision can occur.

  • HUB is a Half Duplex device because it is a dumb device & broadcasts all the received frame to all the other ports & if it receiving any frame at the same instance then collisions are bound to happen. Hence, HUB uses Half Duplex with the help of CSMA/CD.

  • On Full Duplex side you will see Late Collisions / Buffer overloading.

  • Autonegotiation failure leads to Duplex Mismatch

Reference:

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