HUB

  • When the first 10BASE-T (Twisted Pair Cable) connection was introduced in 1990 providing the first 10Mbps connection, HUB was the first device used with a HALF Duplex logic before the other Networking devices were invented.

  • HUB is an L1 device because it uses Physical Layer Standards rather than Data-Link Layer Standards.

  • When received a frame on its port, HUB just like a Dumb Repeater copy & forward (repeat) it to all the other ports except the incoming port. Hence it is also called a Multi-Port Repeater.

  • HUB is a Half-Duplex device as it does not have any mechanism of Collision Detection/Avoidance, Hence if 2 Frames are sent at a time to a HUB (usually the case in FULL-Duplex devices) the Frame just collides.

  • Hence to the neighbor device connected to a HUB must always set it's Duplex settings to Half-Duplex.

Reference:

CCNA 200-301 OCG, Volume 1, Pg. 55 - Wendell Odom.

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