> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mudassirs46.gitbook.io/network-fundamentals/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mudassirs46.gitbook.io/network-fundamentals/stp-rstp-states.md). # STP/RSTP States: [STP](https://app.gitbook.com/@mudassirs46/s/network-fundamentals/~/drafts/-MRZ8l67L5MHnaQIEh9W/stp-spanning-tree-protocol) moves an interface from blocking to listening, then to learning, and then to forwarding state. * **Disabled Port State:** * Disabled ports are Administratively disabled (shut) by an Admin. * Disabled Port wont be able to Send/Receive any BPDU, Learn MAC Address or Forward Data Packets. ### Blocking State: * Non-Designated Ports are in a Blocking State to block the port on the loop to break the loop. * Initially all the ports are in a Blocking State but even after Election one port is blocked and that is the Non-Designated Ports which is then again put in the Blocking State. * In Blocking State, Non-Designated Ports will just be able to receive the RB BPDUs but won't be able to Receive any BPDU, Learn MAC Address or Forward Data Packets. **Listening State:** * After 20 seconds of Max-Age timer port goes from Blocking to the Listening State. * In Listening State, ports will send and receive BPDUs in those 15 seconds but won't be learning MAC Address or Forward Data Packets. * The switch removes old stale (unused) MAC table entries for which no frames are received from from each MAC Address during this period which may cause the temporary loops. **Learning State:** * In Learning State, ports will send & receive BPDUs & will also learn the MAC Address in those 15 seconds but won't be able to Forward the Data Packets. **Forwarding State:** * Root Ports & the Designated Ports are in Forwarding State. * In Forwarding State, ports will not only be able to Send & Receive the BPDUs but will also be able to Learn the MAC Addresses & Forward the Data Packets. ## Reference: * CCNA 200-301 OCG, Volume 1, Pg. 227 - Wendell Odom. *